From 4c19b94e30c31f7a3e028b0adbafe8232b3501cb Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Carsten Niehaus Date: Mon, 17 Mar 2008 18:15:54 +0000 Subject: [PATCH] Syncing with BODR again svn path=/trunk/KDE/kdeedu/libkdeedu/; revision=786681 --- libscience/data/elements.xml | 158 +++++++++++++++++------------------ 1 file changed, 79 insertions(+), 79 deletions(-) diff --git a/libscience/data/elements.xml b/libscience/data/elements.xml index eb509a4..d910b0c 100644 --- a/libscience/data/elements.xml +++ b/libscience/data/elements.xml @@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ 13.5984 0.75420375 2.20 - Greek 'hydro' and 'gennao' for 'forms water' + from the Greek, 'hydor' for water and 'genetor' for parent, originator; named so because it is the basic component of water 0.37 1.2 1.00 1.00 1.00 @@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ 4.002603254 24.5874 0 - The Greek word for the sun was 'helios' + from the Greek 'helios' for sun. 0.32 1.4 0.85 1.00 1.00 @@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ 5.3917 0.618049 0.98 - Greek 'lithos' means 'stone' + from 'lithos', one of the Greek words for 'stone'. 1.34 2.2 0.80 0.50 1.00 @@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ 9.3227 0 1.57 - Greek 'beryllos' for 'light-green stone' + from the Greek 'beryllos', the name of greenish stones found in large masses of water. 0.90 1.9 0.76 1.00 0.00 @@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ 11.2603 1.262118 2.55 - Latin 'carboneum' for carbon + from the Latin 'carbo' for coal. 0.77 1.7 0.50 0.50 0.50 @@ -187,7 +187,7 @@ 14.5341 -0.07 3.04 - Latin 'nitrogenium' ('forms saltpeter') + from the Greek 'nitron' for salpeter and 'genetor' for parent, originator. Although the name Nitogen is certainly correct because it describes a property of the element, the German name ('Stickstoff' for 'which suffocates') or the French ('azote' from the Greek 'azoton' for 'lacking life') would be more appropriate as this element is totally unsupportive of life. This is an important property for humans and all other living organisms to know. 0.75 1.6 0.05 0.05 1.00 @@ -211,7 +211,7 @@ 13.6181 1.4611120 3.44 - Latin 'oxygenium' (forms acids) + from the Greek, 'oxy' one of the meanings of which isacid and 'genetor' for parent, originator; named so because it is the basic component of all acids. 0.73 1.55 1.00 0.05 0.05 @@ -235,7 +235,7 @@ 17.4228 3.4011887 3.98 - Latin 'fluere' ('floats') + from the Latin 'fluere' which means 'to flow'. 0.71 1.5 0.70 1.00 1.00 @@ -258,7 +258,7 @@ 19.99244018 21.5645 0 - Greek 'neo'. meaning 'new' + from the neutral form of the Greek adjective 'neos' for new. 0.69 1.54 0.70 0.89 0.96 @@ -282,7 +282,7 @@ 5.1391 0.547926 0.93 - Arabic 'natrun' for 'soda' + Named Sodium by the discoverer and Natrium by Jacob Berzelius in 1813. Sodium comes from the Arabic 'suda' for soda and Natrium from the Arabic 'natrun' or the Hebrew 'neter' for soda. 1.54 2.4 0.67 0.36 0.95 @@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ 7.6462 0 1.31 - Named after the city of Magnesia + from the Latin version of the Greek word 'magnesion'; this refers to the area 'Magnesia' in Central Greece where ore containing Magnesium was found the first time; the ore also contained Iron and therefore exhibited magnetic properties; this explains the name though Magnesium itself is not magnetic. 1.30 2.2 0.54 1.00 0.00 @@ -330,7 +330,7 @@ 5.9858 0.43283 1.61 - Latin 'alumen' + from the Latin 'alumen', Meaning unknown. 1.18 2.1 0.75 0.65 0.65 @@ -354,7 +354,7 @@ 8.1517 1.389521 1.90 - Latin 'silex' + from the Latin 'silex' for flint, pebble. 1.11 2.1 0.50 0.60 0.60 @@ -378,7 +378,7 @@ 10.4867 0.7465 2.19 - Greek 'phosphoros' for 'carries light' + the Latin version of the Greek 'phosphoros' which means 'light carrier, from 'phos' light and 'phoreas' for carrier, bringer. 1.06 1.95 1.00 0.50 0.00 @@ -402,7 +402,7 @@ 10.3600 2.0771029 2.58 - In sanskrit 'sweb' means 'to sleep' + Sulfur is the original Latin word for brimstone. The origin of the name is still disputed. 1.02 1.8 1.00 1.00 0.19 @@ -448,7 +448,7 @@ 39.96238312 15.7596 0 - Greek 'aergon' for 'inactive' + from the neutral form of the Greek adjective 'argos' for slowly-moving, idle, lazy, inactive. 0.97 1.88 0.50 0.82 0.89 @@ -472,7 +472,7 @@ 4.3407 0.501459 0.82 - Arabic 'al qaliy' for potash + the name Potassium comes from the English 'pot-ash'; named so because it was found in the ashes of plants burnt in pots; the symbol 'K' comes from 'Kalium' the name used in German and other languages and comes from the Arabic 'al-qali' for 'ash of burnt plants'. 1.96 2.8 0.56 0.25 0.83 @@ -496,7 +496,7 @@ 6.1132 0.02455 1.00 - Latin 'calx' for 'lime' + from the Latin 'calx' for lime. 1.74 2.4 0.24 1.00 0.00 @@ -520,7 +520,7 @@ 6.5615 0.188 1.36 - Named because it was found in Scandinavia + Scandium is an artificial Latin word derived from Scandinavia; it was named so by his discoverer. 1.44 2.3 0.90 0.90 0.90 @@ -544,7 +544,7 @@ 6.8281 0.084 1.54 - The Titans were giants in Greek mythology + the Latin version of the artificial Greek word 'titanion' which could be translated with huge; the name derives from the 'Titans'. 1.36 2.15 0.75 0.76 0.78 @@ -568,7 +568,7 @@ 6.7462 0.525 1.63 - 'Vanadis' is another name for the Nordic goddess Freyja + from 'Vanadis', the second name of the Goddess Freya, an important deity of the Germanic (Nordic) religion. 1.25 2.05 0.65 0.65 0.67 @@ -592,7 +592,7 @@ 6.7665 0.67584 1.66 - Greek 'chroma' means 'color' + from the Greek 'chroma' for color, paint. 1.27 2.05 0.54 0.60 0.78 @@ -640,7 +640,7 @@ 7.9024 0.151 1.83 - Latin 'ferrum' + from the Latin 'ferrum' for iron. 1.25 2.05 0.50 0.48 0.78 @@ -663,7 +663,7 @@ 7.8810 0.6633 1.88 - Named after the German word 'Kobold' for 'goblin' + from the German 'Kobold' for 'goblin', a mischievous and often evil and malicious spirit in the Germanic religion. 1.26 2 0.44 0.48 0.78 @@ -687,7 +687,7 @@ 7.6398 1.15716 1.91 - 'Nickel' was the name of a mountain goblin + 'Nickel' was the name of a goblin in the Germanic religion seems to be a pet form of the name Nicolaos. The metal was called 'Kupfernickel' originally, it is simplified to Nickel today. 1.21 2 0.36 0.48 0.76 @@ -711,7 +711,7 @@ 7.7264 1.23578 1.90 - Greek 'cuprum' for Cypres + the symbol 'Cu', the name 'copper' and corresponding names in other European languages (e.g. Kupfer in German, cuivre ion French) derive from the Latin 'cuprium' which derives from the Latin 'cyprium' which derives from the Greek 'kypros', the name of the Greek island Kypros. The earliest use of copper is believed (recorded by Greek historians and Geographers) to have been in India around the year 3000 BC. 1.38 2 1.00 0.48 0.38 @@ -734,7 +734,7 @@ 9.3942 0 1.65 - German 'zinking' for 'rough'. because zinc ore is very rough + from the German 'Zink' for 'rough edge' or 'rough point'. It has been suggested that the name has Greek roots but this is not likely, the Greeks have always called this element 'pseudargyros' which means 'phony silver'; the claim that it comes from the Persian 'sing' is more likely but also incorrect. 1.31 2.1 0.49 0.50 0.69 @@ -758,7 +758,7 @@ 5.9993 0.41 1.81 - 'Gallia' is an old name for France + from 'Gallia', the Latin name of present-day France, Southern Belgium (Wallonia) and a small part of Western Switzerland (Suisse Romande). 1.26 2.1 0.76 0.56 0.56 @@ -782,7 +782,7 @@ 7.8994 1.232712 2.01 - Latin 'germania' is an old name for Germany + from 'Germania', the Latin name of Central and parts of Eastern and Northern Europe; the Romans included in Germania also The Netherlands and Northern Belgium (Flanders). 1.22 2.1 0.40 0.56 0.56 @@ -806,7 +806,7 @@ 9.7886 0.814 2.18 - Greek 'arsenikos' for 'male' or 'bold' + from the Greek 'arsenikos' for male. 1.19 2.05 0.74 0.50 0.89 @@ -829,7 +829,7 @@ 9.7524 2.02067 2.55 - Greek 'selena' for 'moon' + from the Greek 'Selene', the name of the Goddess of the moon and of the moon itself. 1.16 1.9 1.00 0.63 0.00 @@ -853,7 +853,7 @@ 11.8138 3.3635880 2.96 - Greek 'bromos' for 'smells badly' + from the Greek 'broma' for stench; the thing is said to stink like broama. 1.14 1.9 0.65 0.16 0.16 @@ -877,7 +877,7 @@ 13.9996 0 3.00 - Greek 'kryptos' for 'hidden' + from the Greek 'kryptos' for hidden. 1.10 2.02 0.36 0.72 0.82 @@ -925,7 +925,7 @@ 5.6949 0.05206 0.95 - Named after the mineral Strontianit + found in the mineral Strontianite which was named after the place Strontian in Scottland. 1.92 2.55 0.00 1.00 0.00 @@ -949,7 +949,7 @@ 6.2173 0.307 1.22 - Named after the small town of Ytterby near Stockholm in Sweden. Terbium. Ytterbium and Gadolinium are also named after this town. + Named after the small town of Ytterby near Stockholm in Sweden. Terbium. Ytterbium and Gadolinium were also named after this town. 1.62 2.4 0.58 1.00 1.00 @@ -973,7 +973,7 @@ 6.6339 0.426 1.33 - Named after the mineral zircon + the name goes back to the Persian 'zargun' which means 'gold color';it became 'zarkun' in Arabic and from this, the name Zirconium derives. 1.48 2.3 0.58 0.88 0.88 @@ -997,7 +997,7 @@ 6.7589 0.893 1.6 - Named after Niobe. the daughter of the Greek god Tantalus + Named after Niobe, the daughter of the legendary Greek villain-king Tantalos. 1.37 2.15 0.45 0.76 0.79 @@ -1021,7 +1021,7 @@ 7.0924 0.7472 2.16 - This name has Greek roots. It means 'like Platinum' - it was difficult to distinguish Molybdenum from Platinum. + from the Greek 'molybdos' for lead, Blei in German, plumbum in Latin. 1.45 2.1 0.33 0.71 0.71 @@ -1045,7 +1045,7 @@ 7.28 0.55 1.9 - Greek 'technetos' for artificial + from the Greek 'technetos' for artificial and artistic; it goes back to 'techne' which means art. 1.56 2.05 0.23 0.62 0.62 @@ -1069,7 +1069,7 @@ 7.3605 1.04638 2.2 - Ruthenia is the old name of Russia + from 'Ruthenia', the Latin name for large parts of Eastern Europe including a small part of present-day Russia. 1.26 2.05 0.14 0.56 0.56 @@ -1093,7 +1093,7 @@ 7.4589 1.14289 2.28 - Greek 'rhodeos' means 'red like a rose' + from the Greek 'rhodon' for rose. 1.35 2 0.04 0.49 0.55 @@ -1117,7 +1117,7 @@ 8.3369 0.56214 2.20 - Named after the asteroid Pallas + the Latin version of the Greek 'palladion' which derives from 'Pallas' one of the many eponyms of Athena the virgin Goddess of wisdom. 1.31 2.05 0.00 0.41 0.52 @@ -1140,7 +1140,7 @@ 7.5762 1.30447 1.93 - Latin 'argentum' for silver + from the Latin 'argentum' for silver 1.53 2.1 0.88 0.88 1.00 @@ -1163,7 +1163,7 @@ 8.9938 0 1.69 - Greek 'kadmia' ('Galmei' = Zinc carbonate) + Named after Kadmos, the legendary Prince said to be of Semitic (specifically, Phoenicean) origin and have founded Thebes, a city in Central Greece in praehistoric times. 1.48 2.2 1.00 0.85 0.56 @@ -1187,7 +1187,7 @@ 5.7864 0.404 1.78 - Named after 'Indigo' because of its blue spectrum + Named after 'Indigo' because of its blue spectral lines; Indigo is a kind of blue dye, the word comes from the Greek 'indikos' meaning 'from India'. 1.44 2.2 0.65 0.46 0.45 @@ -1211,7 +1211,7 @@ 7.3439 1.112066 1.96 - Latin 'stannum' for tin + from the Latin 'stannum' which is most probably of Celtic origin: 'stean' (written 'sten' today); the Greeks have been using the word 'kassiteros' which is probably of Persian origin. 1.41 2.25 0.40 0.50 0.50 @@ -1257,7 +1257,7 @@ 9.0096 1.970875 2.1 - Latin 'tellus' or 'telluris' for 'Planet Earth' + from the Latin 'tellus' ('telluris') for earth (of the earth) 1.35 2.1 0.83 0.48 0.00 @@ -1281,7 +1281,7 @@ 10.4513 3.059038 2.66 - Greek 'ioeides' for 'violett' + from the Greek 'ioeides' for violett. 1.33 2.1 0.58 0.00 0.58 @@ -1305,7 +1305,7 @@ 12.1298 0 2.6 - Greek 'xenos' for 'foreigner' + from the Greek 'xenos' for foreigner, stranger, strange. 1.30 2.16 0.26 0.62 0.69 @@ -1329,7 +1329,7 @@ 3.8939 0.471626 0.79 - Latin 'caesius' for 'heavenblue' + from the Latin 'caesius' for grey-blue. 2.25 3 0.34 0.09 0.56 @@ -1353,7 +1353,7 @@ 5.2117 0.14462 0.89 - Greek 'barys' for 'heavy' + from the Greek 'barys' for heavy. 1.98 2.7 0.00 0.79 0.00 @@ -1377,7 +1377,7 @@ 5.5769 0.47 1.10 - Greek 'lanthanein' for 'hidden'. The Lanthanoids are also called the 'rare earth' + from the Greek verb 'lanthanein' more specifically, from one of its forms 'lanthanon', 'to be latent', 'to escape notice'; best described by the German expression 'verborgen sein'; it describes a property that is present and capable of becoming but is not developed and active yet. 1.69 2.5 0.44 0.83 1.00 @@ -1401,7 +1401,7 @@ 5.5387 0.5 1.12 - Named after the planetoid Ceres + from 'Ceres' the Latin name of the Greek Goddess Demeter, the Mother Earth. 2.48 1.00 1.00 0.78 3715 @@ -1423,7 +1423,7 @@ 5.473 0.5 1.13 - Greek 'prasinos didymos' for 'green twin' + from the Greek 'prasinos didymos' for 'green twin.' 2.47 0.85 1.00 0.78 3785 @@ -1445,7 +1445,7 @@ 5.5250 0.5 1.14 - Greek 'neos didymos' for 'new twin' + from the Greek 'neos didymos' for 'new twin'. 2.45 0.78 1.00 0.78 3347 @@ -1466,7 +1466,7 @@ 144.912749 5.582 0.5 - Named after the greek Prometheus. Prometheus stole the fire from the gods and gave it to mankind + from 'Prometheas' the name of the Greek Hero (Half-God) who taught the humans how to make fire, effectively playing the role the snake plays in the Sumerian religion the story of which is saved to us via the Old Testament. 2.43 0.64 1.00 0.78 3273 @@ -1488,7 +1488,7 @@ 5.6437 0.5 1.17 - Named after the mineral Samarskit + Named in honor of the high-ranking officer in the Russian Corps of Engineers Samarskij who made possible the study of the newly discovered element around 1850. 2.42 0.56 1.00 0.78 2067 @@ -1509,7 +1509,7 @@ 152.9212303 5.6704 0.5 - Named after Europe + artificial Latin name after the Greek 'Europa', the name of the continent. 2.4 0.38 1.00 0.78 1800 @@ -1531,7 +1531,7 @@ 6.1498 0.5 1.20 - Named after the Finnish chemist Johan Gadolin + Named after the Finnish chemist Johan Gadolin. 2.38 0.27 1.00 0.78 3545 @@ -1552,7 +1552,7 @@ 158.9253468 5.8638 0.5 - Named after the Swedish town of Ytterby + Named after the Norwegian town of Ytterby. 2.37 0.19 1.00 0.78 3500 @@ -1574,7 +1574,7 @@ 5.9389 0.5 1.22 - Greek 'dysprositor' for 'difficult to reach' + from the Greek 'dysprositos' for 'difficult to reach' 2.35 0.12 1.00 0.78 2840 @@ -1596,7 +1596,7 @@ 6.0215 0.5 1.23 - Latin 'holmia' for the old name of Stockholm + Holmium is an artificial Latin name created after 'holm', the second part of the compound name of the city of Stockholm; the word does not exist in the Latin language, the great city of Stockholm is not recorded anywhere as existing before the 12th century and the Roman Legions never marched that far north anyway. 2.33 0.00 1.00 0.61 2968 @@ -1640,7 +1640,7 @@ 6.1843 0.5 1.25 - Named after the old name of Scandinavia. 'Thule' + Named after the Greek 'Thule', the name the Greek explorer Pitheas gave to Greenland when he explored the British Islands, Iceland and Greenland; a small town in Greenland is called Thule today. 2.3 0.00 0.83 0.32 2223 @@ -1706,7 +1706,7 @@ 6.8251 0 1.3 - 'Hafnia' is the old name of Kopenhagen (Denmark) + Named after 'Hafnia', the Latin name of Kopenhagen, the capital city of Denmark. 1.50 2.25 0.30 0.76 1.00 @@ -1730,7 +1730,7 @@ 7.5496 0.322 1.5 - Named after the Greek myth of Tantalos + Latin artificial name after the legendary villain-king Tantalos. 1.38 2.2 0.30 0.65 1.00 @@ -1754,7 +1754,7 @@ 7.8640 0.815 2.36 - 'tung sten' means 'heavy stone' in Swedish. The old name (and thus the symbol 'W') was Wolfram. named after a mineral + from the Swedish 'tung sten' for 'heavy stone'. The symbol 'W' comes from the older name of the element, the German 'Wolfram' for 'wolf's foam'. 1.46 2.1 0.13 0.58 0.84 @@ -1778,7 +1778,7 @@ 7.8335 0.15 1.9 - Named after the German river Rhine (latin 'Rhenium') + Named after the German river Rhine, Rhein in German, rhenus in Latin; the name seems to be of Celtic origin: Ren. 1.59 2.05 0.15 0.49 0.67 @@ -1802,7 +1802,7 @@ 8.4382 1.07780 2.2 - Greek for 'smell'. Its oxides smell strongly like radishes + from the Greek 'osme' for scent, smell. 1.28 2 0.15 0.40 0.59 @@ -1826,7 +1826,7 @@ 8.9670 1.56436 2.20 - Greek 'iris' for 'rainbow' + Named after the Greek Goddess 'Iris' who, amomg many other things, was responsible for switching on the rainbow after a storm. 1.37 2 0.09 0.33 0.53 @@ -1850,7 +1850,7 @@ 8.9588 2.12510 2.28 - Spanish 'platina' means 'small silver' + from the Spanish 'platina' for 'small silver'. 1.28 2.05 0.96 0.93 0.82 @@ -1874,7 +1874,7 @@ 9.2255 2.30861 2.54 - Latin 'aurum'. named after Aurora. the goddess of sunrise + Latin 'aurum'. Named after Aurora. the goddess of sunrise 1.44 2.1 0.80 0.82 0.12 @@ -1897,7 +1897,7 @@ 10.4375 0 2.00 - Graeco-Latin 'hydrargyrum' for 'liquid silver' + Mercury comes from 'Mercur' the Latin name of the Greek god Hermes; the symbol Hg comes from the Greek 'hydrargyros' for 'liquid silver', from 'hydor' for water and 'argyros' for silver. 1.49 2.05 0.71 0.71 0.76 @@ -1967,7 +1967,7 @@ 7.2855 0.942363 2.02 - The old name of Bismuth is 'Wismut'. This stood for 'white mass' + Bismuth is most probably a derivative from 'bisemutum' the Latin version of the German 'Wismuth' which is the original name of the element and means 'white mass' or 'white substance'. 1.46 2.3 0.62 0.31 0.71 @@ -2012,7 +2012,7 @@ 0 2.8 2.2 - Greek 'astator' for 'changing' + from the Greek 'astatos' for unsteady, changing 2 0.46 0.31 0.27 610 @@ -2101,7 +2101,7 @@ 227.0277521 5.17 1.1 - Greek 'aktis' for 'beam' - actinium is radioactive + from the Greek 'aktis' for ray; 'aktinoeides' for radiating. 2 0.44 0.67 0.98 3470 @@ -2228,7 +2228,7 @@ 243.0613811 5.9738 1.3 - Named after America. + Named after America, the continent. 2 0.33 0.36 0.95 2880 @@ -2270,7 +2270,7 @@ 247.070307 6.1979 1.3 - Named after the town Berkeley where it was discovered. + Named after the town of Berkeley in California where it was discovered. 2 0.54 0.31 0.89 983 @@ -2426,7 +2426,7 @@