From: Carsten Niehaus Date: Sun, 3 Sep 2006 09:17:55 +0000 (+0000) Subject: wow, a huge sync. Many many things changed X-Git-Tag: v3.80.2~49 X-Git-Url: https://git.rmz.fi/?a=commitdiff_plain;h=46845d55ee9f3b7a63d64f8ad56a0f3fc407f43c;p=libqmvoc.git wow, a huge sync. Many many things changed svn path=/trunk/KDE/kdeedu/libkdeedu/; revision=580313 --- diff --git a/libscience/data/elements.xml b/libscience/data/elements.xml index 409187d..02335be 100644 --- a/libscience/data/elements.xml +++ b/libscience/data/elements.xml @@ -1,2683 +1,2677 @@ - + xmlns="http://www.xml-cml.org/schema" + xmlns:xml="http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace" + xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" + xmlns:bo="http://www.blueobelisk.org/dict/terminology" + xmlns:boUnits="http://www.blueobelisk.org/dict/units" + xmlns:units="http://www.xml-cml.org/units/units" + xmlns:siUnits="http://www.xml-cml.org/units/siUnits" + xmlns:bibx="http://bibtexml.sf.net/" + + xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xml-cml.org/schema ../schemas/cml23.xsd + http://bibtexml.sf.net/ ../schemas/bibtexml.xsd"> + + + - - - - - + 0 - - - 0.0000 - 0.00000 - 0.0 - 0 + - + + 1 - - - 1.00794 - 1.007825032 - 13.5984 - 0.75420375 - 2.20 - Greek 'hydro' and 'gennao' for 'forms water' - 0.37 - 1.2 + - + 20.28 + 13.81 + s + uk + 1766 + C. Cavendish + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1s1 + Non-Metal + + 2 - - - 4.002602 - 4.002603254 - 24.5874 - 0 - The Greek word for the sun was 'helios' - 0.32 - 1.4 + - + 4.216 + 0.95 + p + se + 1895 + P. J. Janssen;J. N. Lockyer + 1 + 1 + 8 + 1s2 + Noblegas + + 3 - - - 6.941 - 7.01600455 - 5.3917 - 0.618049 - 0.98 - Greek 'lithos' means 'stone' - 1.34 - 2.2 + - + 1615 + 453.7 + s + se + 1817 + A. Arfvedson + 2 + 0 + 1 + He 2s1 + Alkali_Earth + + 4 - - - 9.012182 - 9.0121822 - 9.3227 - 0 - 1.57 - Greek 'beryllos' for 'light-green stone' - 0.90 - 1.9 + - + 3243 + 1560 + s + fr + 1797 + Nicholas Louis Vauquelin + 2 + 2 + 2 + He 2s2 + Alkaline_Earth + + 5 - - - 10.811 - 11.0093054 - 8.2980 - 0.279723 - 2.04 - Boron means 'Bor(ax) + (carb)on'. It is found in borax and behaves a lot like carbon - 0.82 - 1.8 + - + 4275 + 2365 + p + uk,fr + 1808 + Louis Joseph Gay-Lussac;Louis Jacques Thenard + 2 + 3 + 3 + He 2s2 2p1 + Metalloids + + 6 - - - 12.0107 - 12 - 11.2603 - 1.262118 - 2.55 - Latin 'carboneum' for carbon - 0.77 - 1.7 + - + 5100 + 3825 + p + ancient + 2 + 3 + 4 + He 2s2 2p2 + Non-Metal + + 7 - - - 14.0067 - 14.003074 - 14.5341 - -0.07 - 3.04 - Latin 'nitrogenium' ('forms saltpeter') - 0.75 - 1.6 + - + 77.344 + 63.15 + p + uk + 1772 + D. Rutherford + 2 + 3 + 5 + He 2s2 2p3 + Non-Metal + + 8 - - - 15.9994 - 15.99491462 - 13.6181 - 1.4611120 - 3.44 - Latin 'oxygenium' (forms acids) - 0.73 - 1.55 + - + 90.188 + 54.8 + p + se,uk + 1774 + J. Priestley + 2 + 3 + 6 + He 2s2 2p4 + Non-Metal + + 9 - - - 18.9984032 - 18.99840322 - 17.4228 - 3.4011887 - 3.98 - Latin 'fluere' ('floats') - 0.71 - 1.5 + - + 85 + 53.55 + p + fr + 1886 + H. F. Moissan + 2 + 3 + 7 + He 2s2 2p5 + Halogene + + 10 - - - 20.1797 - 19.99244018 - 21.5645 - 0 - Greek 'neo'. meaning 'new' - 0.69 - 1.54 + - + 27.1 + 24.55 + p + uk + 1898 + W. Ramsay;M.W. Travers + 2 + 1 + 8 + He 2s2 2p6 + Noblegas + + 11 - - - 22.989770 - 22.98976928 - 5.1391 - 0.547926 - 0.93 - Arabic 'natrun' for 'soda' - 1.54 - 2.4 + - + 1156 + 371 + s + uk + 1807 + Sir Humphrey Davy + 3 + 0 + 1 + Ne 3s1 + Alkali_Earth + + 12 - - - 24.3050 - 23.9850417 - 7.6462 - 0 - 1.31 - Named after the city of Magnesia - 1.30 - 2.2 + - + 1380 + 922 + s + uk + 1808 + H. B. Davy + 3 + 0 + 2 + Ne 3s2 + Alkaline_Earth + + 13 - - - 26.981538 - 26.98153863 - 5.9858 - 0.43283 - 1.61 - Latin 'alumen' - 1.18 - 2.1 + - + 2740 + 933.5 + p + dk + 1825 + H. Ch. Oersted + 3 + 2 + 3 + Ne 3s2 3p1 + Other_Metal + + 14 - - - 28.0855 - 27.97692653 - 8.1517 - 1.389521 - 1.90 - Latin 'silex' - 1.11 - 2.1 + - + 2630 + 1683 + p + se + 1823 + J. J. Berzelius + 3 + 3 + 4 + Ne 3s2 3p2 + Metalloids + + 15 - - - 30.973761 - 30.97376163 - 10.4867 - 0.7465 - 2.19 - Greek 'phosphoros' for 'carries light' - 1.06 - 1.95 + - + 553 + 317.3 + p + de + 1669 + H. Brandt + 3 + 3 + 5 + Ne 3s2 3p3 + Non-Metal + + 16 - - - 32.065 - 31.972071 - 10.3600 - 2.0771029 - 2.58 - In sankskrit 'sweb' means 'to sleep' - 1.02 - 1.8 + - + 717.82 + 392.2 + p + ancient + 3 + 3 + 6 + Ne 3s2 3p4 + Non-Metal + + 17 - - - 35.453 - 34.96885268 - 12.9676 - 3.612724 - 3.16 - Greek 'chloros' for 'yellow-green' - 0.99 - 1.8 + - + 239.18 + 172.17 + p + se + 1774 + C. W. Scheele + 3 + 3 + 7 + Ne 3s2 3p5 + Halogene + + 18 - - - 39.948 - 39.96238312 - 15.7596 - 0 - Greek 'aergon' for 'inactive' - 0.97 - 1.88 + - + 87.45 + 83.95 + p + uk + 1894 + W. Ramsay;J. Rayleigh + 3 + 1 + 8 + Ne 3s2 3p6 + Noblegas + + 19 - - - 39.0983 - 38.96370668 - 4.3407 - 0.501459 - 0.82 - Arabic 'al qaliy' for potash - 1.96 - 2.8 + - + 1033 + 336.8 + s + uk + 1807 + H. B. Davy + 4 + 0 + 1 + Ar 4s1 + Alkali_Earth + + 20 - - - 40.078 - 39.96259098 - 6.1132 - 0.02455 - 1.00 - Latin 'calx' for 'lime' - 1.74 - 2.4 + - + 1757 + 1112 + s + uk + 1808 + H. B. Davy + 4 + 0 + 2 + Ar 4s2 + Alkaline_Earth + + 21 - - - 44.955910 - 44.9559119 - 6.5615 - 0.188 - 1.36 - Named because it was found in Scandinavia - 1.44 - 2.3 + - + 3109 + 1814 + d + se + 1879 + L. Nilson + 4 + 0 + 3 + Ar 3d1 4s2 + Transition + + 22 - - - 47.867 - 47.9479463 - 6.8281 - 0.084 - 1.54 - The Titans were giants in Greek mythology - 1.36 - 2.15 + - + 3560 + 1935 + d + uk + 1791 + W. Gregor + 4 + 2 + 4 + Ar 3d2 4s2 + Transition + + 23 - - - 50.9415 - 50.9439595 - 6.7462 - 0.525 - 1.63 - 'Vanadis' is another name for the Nordic goddess Freyja - 1.25 - 2.05 + - + 3650 + 2163 + d + se + 1830 + N. Sefström + 4 + 2 + 5 + Ar 3d3 4s2 + Transition + + 24 - - - 51.9961 - 51.9405075 - 6.7665 - 0.67584 - 1.66 - Greek 'chroma' means 'color' - 1.27 - 2.05 + - + 2945 + 2130 + d + fr + 1797 + Nicholas Louis Vauquelin + 4 + 2 + 6 + Ar 3d5 4s1 + Transition + + 25 - - - 54.938049 - 54.9380451 - 7.4340 - 0 - 1.55 - It was discovered near a town named Magnesia in a black earth. Thus. it was named 'magnesia nigra'. short: Manganese - 1.39 - 2.05 + - + 2235 + 1518 + d + se + 1774 + C. W. Scheele + 4 + 2 + 7 + Ar 3d5 4s2 + Transition + + 26 - - - 55.845 - 55.9349375 - 7.9024 - 0.151 - 1.83 - Latin 'ferrum' - 1.25 - 2.05 + - + 3023 + 1808 + d + ancient + 4 + 2 + 8 + Ar 3d6 4s2 + Transition + + 27 - - - 58.933200 - 58.933195 - 7.8810 - 0.6633 - 1.88 - Named after the German word 'Kobold' for 'goblin' - 1.26 - 2 + - + 3143 + 1768 + d + se + 1737 + G. Brandt + 4 + 2 + 8 + Ar 3d7 4s2 + Transition + + 28 - - - 58.6934 - 57.9353429 - 7.6398 - 1.15716 - 1.91 - 'Nickel' was the name of a mountain goblin - 1.21 - 2 + - + 3005 + 1726 + d + se + 1751 + A. F. Cronstedt + 4 + 0 + 8 + Ar 3d8 4s2 + Transition + + 29 - - - 63.546 - 62.9295975 - 7.7264 - 1.23578 - 1.90 - Greek 'cuprum' for Cypres - 1.38 - 2 + - + 2840 + 1356.6 + d + ancient + 4 + 0 + 1 + Ar 3d10 4s1 + Transition + + 30 - - - 65.409 - 63.9291422 - 9.3942 - 0 - 1.65 - German 'zinking' for 'rough'. because zinc ore is very rough - 1.31 - 2.1 + - + 1180 + 692.73 + d + de + 1746 + Andreas Marggraf + 4 + 2 + 2 + Ar 3d10 4s2 + Transition + + 31 - - - 69.723 - 68.9255736 - 5.9993 - 0.41 - 1.81 - 'Gallia' is an old name for France - 1.26 - 2.1 + - + 2478 + 302.92 + p + fr + 1875 + P. E. Lecoq de Boisbaudran + 4 + 2 + 3 + Ar 3d10 4s2 4p1 + Other_Metal + + 32 - - - 72.64 - 73.9211778 - 7.8994 - 1.232712 - 2.01 - Latin 'germania' is an old name for Germany - 1.22 - 2.1 + - + 3107 + 1211.5 + p + de + 1886 + C. A. Winkler + 4 + 2 + 4 + Ar 3d10 4s2 4p2 + Metalloids + + 33 - - - 74.92160 - 74.9215965 - 9.7886 - 0.814 - 2.18 - Greek 'arsenikos' for 'male' or 'bold' - 1.19 - 2.05 + - + 876 + 1090 + p + ancient + 4 + 2 + 5 + Ar 3d10 4s2 4p3 + Metalloids + + 34 - - - 78.96 - 79.9165213 - 9.7524 - 2.02067 - 2.55 - Greek 'selena' for 'moon' - 1.16 - 1.9 + - + 958 + 494 + p + se + 1817 + J. J. Berzelius + 4 + 3 + 6 + Ar 3d10 4s2 4p4 + Non-Metal + + 35 - - - 79.904 - 78.9183371 - 11.8138 - 3.3635880 - 2.96 - Greek 'bromos' for 'smells badly' - 1.14 - 1.9 + - + 331.85 + 265.95 + p + br + 1826 + A. J. Balard + 4 + 3 + 7 + Ar 3d10 4s2 4p5 + Halogene + + 36 - - - 83.798 - 83.911507 - 13.9996 - 0 - 3.00 - Greek 'kryptos' for 'hidden' - 1.10 - 2.02 + - + 120.85 + 116 + p + uk + 1898 + W. Ramsay;M. W. Travers + 4 + 1 + 8 + Ar 3d10 4s2 4p6 + Noblegas + + 37 - - - 85.4678 - 84.91178974 - 4.1771 - 0.485916 - 0.82 - Latin 'rubidus' for 'dark red' - 2.11 - 2.9 + - + 961 + 312.63 + s + de + 1861 + Robert W. Bunsen;Gustav R. Kirchhoff + 5 + 0 + 1 + Kr 5s1 + Alkali_Earth + + 38 - - - 87.62 - 87.9056121 - 5.6949 - 0.05206 - 0.95 - Named after the mineral Strontianit - 1.92 - 2.55 + - + 1655 + 1042 + s + uk + 1790 + H. B. Davy + 5 + 0 + 2 + Kr 5s2 + Alkaline_Earth + + 39 - - - 88.90585 - 88.9058483 - 6.2173 - 0.307 - 1.22 - Named after the small town of Ytterby near Stockholm in Sweden. Terbium. Ytterbium and Gadolinium are also named after this town. - 1.62 - 2.4 + - + 3611 + 1795 + d + fi + 1794 + Johann Gadolin + 5 + 0 + 3 + Kr 4d1 5s2 + Transition + + 40 - - - 91.224 - 89.9047044 - 6.6339 - 0.426 - 1.33 - Named after the mineral zircon - 1.48 - 2.3 + - + 4682 + 2128 + d + de + 1789 + Martin Heinrich Klaproth + 5 + 2 + 4 + Kr 4d2 5s2 + Transition + + 41 - - - 92.90638 - 92.9063781 - 6.7589 - 0.893 - 1.6 - Named after Niobe. the daughter of the Greek god Tantalus - 1.37 - 2.15 + - + 5015 + 2742 + d + uk + 1801 + Ch. Hatchett + 5 + 2 + 5 + Kr 4d4 + Transition + + 42 - - - 95.94 - 97.9054082 - 7.0924 - 0.7472 - 2.16 - This name has Greek roots. It means 'like Platinum' - it was difficult to distinguish Molybdenum from Platinum. - 1.45 - 2.1 + - + 4912 + 2896 + d + se + 1778 + C. W. Scheele + 5 + 2 + 6 + Kr 4d5 5s1 + Transition + + 43 - - - 98 - 97.907216 - 7.28 - 0.55 - 1.9 - Greek 'technetos' for artificial - 1.56 - 2.05 + - + 4538 + 2477 + d + it + 1937 + C. Perrier;E. G. Segre + 5 + 2 + 7 + Kr 4d6 5s1 + Transition + + 44 - - - 101.07 - 101.9043493 - 7.3605 - 1.04638 - 2.2 - Ruthenia is the old name of Russia - 1.26 - 2.05 + - + 4425 + 2610 + d + ru + 1844 + K. Klaus + 5 + 2 + 8 + Kr 4d7 5s1 + Transition + + 45 - - - 102.90550 - 102.905504 - 7.4589 - 1.14289 - 2.28 - Greek 'rhodeos' means 'red like a rose' - 1.35 - 2 + - + 3970 + 2236 + d + uk + 1803 + W. Wollaston + 5 + 0 + 8 + Kr 4d8 5s1 + Transition + + 46 - - - 106.42 - 105.903486 - 8.3369 - 0.56214 - 2.20 - Named after the asteroid Pallas - 1.31 - 2.05 + - + 3240 + 1825 + d + uk + 5 + 0 + 8 + Kr 4d10 + Transition + + 47 - - - 107.8682 - 106.905097 - 7.5762 - 1.30447 - 1.93 - Latin 'argentum' for silver - 1.53 - 2.1 + - + 2436 + 1235.1 + d + ancient + 5 + 0 + 1 + Kr 4d10 5s1 + Transition + + 48 - - - 112.411 - 113.9033585 - 8.9938 - 0 - 1.69 - Greek 'kadmia' ('Galmei' = Zinc carbonate) - 1.48 - 2.2 + - + 1040 + 594.26 + d + de + 1817 + F. Stromeyer + 5 + 0 + 2 + Kr 4d10 5s2 + Transition + + 49 - - - 114.818 - 114.903878 - 5.7864 - 0.404 - 1.78 - Named after 'Indigo' because of its blue spectrum - 1.44 - 2.2 + - + 2350 + 429.78 + p + de + 1863 + F. Reich;H.T. Richter + 5 + 2 + 3 + Kr 4d10 5s2 5p1 + Other_Metal + + 50 - - - 118.710 - 119.9021947 - 7.3439 - 1.112066 - 1.96 - Latin 'stannum' for tin - 1.41 - 2.25 + - + 2876 + 505.12 + p + ancient + 5 + 2 + 4 + Kr 4d10 5s2 5p2 + Other_Metal + + 51 - - - 121.760 - 120.9038157 - 8.6084 - 1.047401 - 2.05 - Arabic 'anthos ammonos' for 'blossom of the god Ammon' - 1.38 - 2.2 + - + 1860 + 903.91 + p + ancient + 5 + 2 + 5 + Kr 4d10 5s2 5p3 + Metalloids + + 52 - - - 127.60 - 129.9062244 - 9.0096 - 1.970875 - 2.1 - Latin 'tellus' or 'telluris' for 'Planet Earth' - 1.35 - 2.1 + - + 1261 + 722.72 + p + de + 1782 + Franz Joseph Muller von Reichstein + 5 + 2 + 6 + Kr 4d10 5s2 5p4 + Metalloids + + 53 - - - 126.90447 - 126.904473 - 10.4513 - 3.059038 - 2.66 - Greek 'ioeides' for 'violett' - 1.33 - 2.1 + - + 457.5 + 386.7 + p + fr + 1811 + Bernard Courtois + 5 + 3 + 7 + Kr 4d10 5s2 5p5 + Halogene + + 54 - - - 131.293 - 131.9041535 - 12.1298 - 0 - 2.6 - Greek 'xenos' for 'foreigner' - 1.30 - 2.16 + - + 165.1 + 161.39 + p + uk + 1898 + W. Ramsay;M. W. Travers + 5 + 1 + 8 + Kr 4d10 5s2 5p6 + Noblegas + + 55 - - - 132.90545 - 132.9054519 - 3.8939 - 0.471626 - 0.79 - Latin 'caesius' for 'heavenblue' - 2.25 - 3 + - + 944 + 301.54 + s + de + 1860 + Robert Wilhelm Bunsen;Gustav Robert Kirchhoff + 6 + 0 + 1 + Xe 6s1 + Alkali_Earth + + 56 - - - 137.327 - 137.9052472 - 5.2117 - 0.14462 - 0.89 - Greek 'barys' for 'heavy' - 1.98 - 2.7 + - + 2078 + 1002 + s + uk + 1808 + Humphry Bartholomew Davy + 6 + 0 + 2 + Xe 6s2 + Alkaline_Earth + + 57 - - - 138.9055 - 138.9063533 - 5.5769 - 0.47 - 1.10 - Greek 'lanthanein' for 'hidden'. The Lanthanoids are also called the 'rare earth' - 1.69 - 2.5 + - + 3737 + 1191 + f + se + 1839 + K. G. Mosander + 6 + 0 + 3 + Xe 5d1 6s2 + Rare_Earth + + 58 - - - 140.116 - 139.9054387 - 5.5387 - 0.5 - 1.12 - Named after the planetoid Ceres - 2.48 + - + 3715 + 1071 + f + 1803 + Jöns Jacob Berzelius;W. Hisinger;M. Klaproth + 6 + 0 + 4 + Xe 4f1 5d1 6s2 + Rare_Earth + + 59 - - - 140.90765 - 140.9076528 - 5.473 - 0.5 - 1.13 - Greek 'prasinos didymos' for 'green twin' - 2.47 + - + 3785 + 1204 + f + 1885 + Carl F. Auer von Welsbach + 6 + 0 + 5 + Xe 4f3 6s2 + Rare_Earth + + 60 - - - 144.24 - 141.9077233 - 5.5250 - 0.5 - 1.14 - Greek 'neos didymos' for 'new twin' - 2.45 + - + 3347 + 1294 + f + 1885 + Carl F. Auer von Welsbach + 6 + 0 + 6 + Xe 4f4 6s2 + Rare_Earth + + 61 - - - 145 - 144.912749 - 5.582 - 0.5 - Named after the greek Prometheus. Prometheus stole the fire from the gods and gave it to mankind - 2.43 + - + 3273 + 1315 + f + 1945 + J. A. Marinsky;C. D. Coryell;L. E. Glendenin + 6 + 0 + 7 + Xe 4f5 6s2 + Rare_Earth + + 62 - - - 150.36 - 151.9197324 - 5.6437 - 0.5 - 1.17 - Named after the mineral Samarskit - 2.42 + - + 2067 + 1347 + f + 1879 + P. Lecoq de Boisbaudran + 6 + 0 + 8 + Xe 4f6 6s2 + Rare_Earth + + 63 - - - 151.964 - 152.9212303 - 5.6704 - 0.5 - Named after Europe - 2.4 + - + 1800 + 1095 + f + 1901 + E. A. Demarcay + 6 + 0 + 8 + Xe 4f7 6s2 + Rare_Earth + + 64 - - - 157.25 - 157.9241039 - 6.1498 - 0.5 - 1.20 - Named after the Finnish chemist Johan Gadolin - 2.38 + - + 3545 + 1585 + f + 1880 + Jean de Marignac + 6 + 0 + 8 + Xe 4f7 5d1 6s2 + Rare_Earth + + 65 - - - 158.92534 - 158.9253468 - 5.8638 - 0.5 - Named after the Swedish town of Ytterby - 2.37 + - + 3500 + 1629 + f + 1843 + K. G. Mosander + 6 + 0 + 1 + Xe 4f9 6s2 + Rare_Earth + + 66 - - - 162.500 - 163.9291748 - 5.9389 - 0.5 - 1.22 - Greek 'dysprositor' for 'difficult to reach' - 2.35 + - + 2840 + 1685 + f + 1886 + F. E. Lecoq de Boisbaudran + 6 + 0 + 2 + Xe 4f10 6s2 + Rare_Earth + + 67 - - - 164.93032 - 164.9303221 - 6.0215 - 0.5 - 1.23 - Latin 'holmia' for the old name of Stockholm - 2.33 + - + 2968 + 1747 + f + 1878 + J. L. Soret;P.T. Cleve + 6 + 0 + 3 + Xe 4f11 6s2 + Rare_Earth + + 68 - - - 167.259 - 165.9302931 - 6.1077 - 0.5 - 1.24 - Named ofter the Swedish town of Ytterby. Terbium and Ytterbium are also named after this town. - 2.32 + - + 3140 + 1802 + f + 1843 + K. G. Mosander + 6 + 0 + 4 + Xe 4f12 6s2 + Rare_Earth + + 69 - - - 168.93421 - 168.9342133 - 6.1843 - 0.5 - 1.25 - Named after the old name of Scandinavia. 'Thule' - 2.3 + - + 2223 + 1818 + f + 1879 + P. T. Cleve + 6 + 0 + 5 + Xe 4f13 6s2 + Rare_Earth + + 70 - - - 173.04 - 173.9388621 - 6.2542 - 0.5 - Like Terbium and Gadolinium. this is named after the Swedish town of Ytterby - 2.28 + - + 1469 + 1092 + f + 1878 + J. Ch. Marignac + 6 + 0 + 6 + Xe 4f14 6s2 + Rare_Earth + + 71 - - - 174.967 - 174.9407718 - 5.4259 - 0.5 - 1.27 - Named after the Roman name 'Lutetia' for Paris - 1.60 - 2.27 + - + 3668 + 1936 + f + 1907 + Carl F. Auer von Welsbach;G. Urbain + 6 + 0 + 7 + Xe 4f14 5d1 6s2 + Rare_Earth + + 72 - - - 178.49 - 179.94655 - 6.8251 - 0 - 1.3 - 'Hafnia' is the old name of Kopenhagen (Denmark) - 1.50 - 2.25 + - + 4875 + 2504 + d + dk + 1923 + D. Coster;G. Hevesy + 6 + 2 + 4 + Xe 4f14 5d2 6s2 + Transition + + 73 - - - 180.9479 - 180.9479958 - 7.5496 - 0.322 - 1.5 - Named after the Greek myth of Tantalos - 1.38 - 2.2 + - + 5730 + 3293 + d + se + 1802 + A. Ekeberg + 6 + 2 + 5 + Xe 4f14 5d3 6s2 + Transition + + 74 - - - 183.84 - 183.9509312 - 7.8640 - 0.815 - 2.36 - 'tung sten' means 'heavy stone' in Swedish. The old name (and thus the symbol 'W') was Wolfram. named after a mineral - 1.46 - 2.1 + - + 5825 + 3695 + d + es + 1783 + C. W. Scheele + 6 + 2 + 6 + Xe 4f14 5d4 6s2 + Transition + + 75 - - - 186.207 - 186.9557531 - 7.8335 - 0.15 - 1.9 - Named after the German river Rhine (latin 'Rhenium') - 1.59 - 2.05 + - + 5870 + 3455 + d + de + 1925 + Walter Noddack;Ida Tacke-Noddack;Otto Berg + 6 + 2 + 7 + Xe 4f14 5d5 6s2 + Transition + + 76 - - - 190.23 - 191.9614807 - 8.4382 - 1.07780 - 2.2 - Greek for 'smell'. Its oxides smell strongly like radishes - 1.28 - 2 + - + 5300 + 3300 + d + uk + 1804 + S. Tennant + 6 + 2 + 8 + Xe 4f14 5d6 6s2 + Transition + + 77 - - - 192.217 - 192.9629264 - 8.9670 - 1.56436 - 2.20 - Greek 'iris' for 'rainbow' - 1.37 - 2 + - + 4700 + 2720 + d + uk + 1804 + S. Tennant + 6 + 0 + 8 + Xe 4f14 5d7 6s2 + Transition + + 78 - - - 195.078 - 194.9647911 - 8.9588 - 2.12510 - 2.28 - Spanish 'platina' means 'small silver' - 1.28 - 2.05 + - + 4100 + 2042.1 + d + uk + 1735 + A. de Ulloa + 6 + 0 + 8 + Xe 4f14 5d9 6s1 + Transition + + 79 - - - 196.96655 - 196.9665687 - 9.2255 - 2.30861 - 2.54 - Latin 'aurum'. named after Aurora. the goddess of sunrise - 1.44 - 2.1 + - + 3130 + 1337.58 + d + ancient + 6 + 0 + 1 + Xe 4f14 5d10 6s1 + Transition + + 80 - - - 200.59 - 201.970643 - 10.4375 - 0 - 2.00 - Graeco-Latin 'hydrargyrum' for 'liquid silver' - 1.49 - 2.05 + - + 629.88 + 234.31 + d + ancient + 6 + 0 + 2 + Xe 4f14 5d10 6s2 + Transition + + 81 - - - 204.3833 - 204.9744275 - 6.1082 - 0.377 - 1.62 - Greek 'tallos' for 'young twig' - 1.48 - 2.2 + - + 1746 + 577 + p + uk + 1861 + W. Crookes + 6 + 2 + 3 + Xe 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p1 + Other_Metal + + 82 - - - 207.2 - 207.9766521 - 7.4167 - 0.364 - 2.33 - Latin 'plumbum' for Lead - 1.47 - 2.3 + - + 2023 + 600.65 + p + ancient + 6 + 2 + 4 + Xe 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p2 + Other_Metal + + 83 - - - 208.98038 - 208.9803987 - 7.2855 - 0.942363 - 2.02 - The old name of Bismuth is 'Wismut'. This stood for 'white mass' - 1.46 - 2.3 + - + 1837 + 544.59 + p + ancient + 6 + 0 + 5 + Xe 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3 + Other_Metal + + 84 - - - 209 - 208.9824304 - 8.414 - 1.9 - 2.0 - Named after Poland to honor Marie Curie - 2 + - + 527 + p + fr + 1898 + M. Sklodowska-Curie;P. Curie + 6 + 2 + 6 + Xe 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4 + Metalloids + + 85 - - - 210 - 209.987148 - 0 - 2.8 - 2.2 - Greek 'astator' for 'changing' - 2 + - + 610 + 575 + p + us + 1940 + D. R. Corson;K. R. McKenzie;E. Segre + 6 + 3 + 7 + Xe 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p5 + Halogene + + 86 - - - 222 - 222.0175777 - 10.7485 - 0 - Named after Radium. It ends with 'on' to make it clear that it is a noble gas - 1.45 - 2 + - + 211.4 + 202 + p + de + 1898 + E. Dorn + 6 + 1 + 8 + Xe 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p6 + Noblegas + + 87 - - - 223 - 223.0197359 - 4.0727 - 0.7 - Named after France to honor Marguerite Perey - 2 + - + 950 + 300 + s + fr + 1939 + M. Perey + 7 + 0 + 1 + Rn 7s1 + Alkali_Earth + + 88 - - - 226 - 226.0254098 - 5.2784 - 0.9 - Latin 'radius' for 'beam', as it is radioactive - 2 + - + 1413 + 973 + s + fr + 1898 + M. Sklodowska-Curie;P. Curie + 7 + 0 + 2 + Rn 7s2 + Alkaline_Earth + + 89 - - - 227 - 227.0277521 - 5.17 - 1.1 - Greek 'aktis' for 'beam' - actinium is radioactive - 2 + - + 3470 + 1324 + f + fr + 1899 + A. L. Debierne + 7 + 0 + 3 + Rn 6d1 7s2 + Rare_Earth + + 90 - - - 232.0381 - 232.0380553 - 6.3067 - 1.3 - Named after the German god of thunder: Thor - 2.4 + - + 5060 + 2028 + f + 1828 + J. J. Berzelius + 7 + 0 + 4 + Rn 6d2 7s2 + Rare_Earth + + 91 - - - 231.03588 - 231.035884 - 5.89 - 1.5 - Greek 'protos' for 'ancester'. Protactinium is before Actinium in the periodic table. - 2 + - + 4300 + 1845 + f + 1917 + O. Hahn;L. Meitern;W. Wollaston + 7 + 0 + 5 + Rn 5f2 6d1 7s2 + Rare_Earth + + 92 - - - 238.02891 - 238.0507882 - 6.1941 - 1.38 - Greek 'ouranos' for 'heaven'. Named after the planet Uranus - 2.3 + - + 4407 + 1408 + f + 1789 + M. M. Klaproth + 7 + 0 + 6 + Rn 5f3 6d1 7s2 + Rare_Earth + + 93 - - - 237 - 237.0481734 - 6.2657 - 1.36 - Named after the planet Neptune. - 2 + - + 4175 + 912 + f + 1940 + E. M. McMillan;P. Aberson + 7 + 0 + 7 + Rn 5f4 6d1 7s2 + Rare_Earth + + 94 - - - 244 - 244.064204 - 6.0260 - 1.28 - Named after the planet Pluto. - 2 + - + 3505 + 913 + f + 1940 + Glenn T. Seaborg;E. M. McMillan;J. W. Kennedy;A.C. Wahl + 7 + 0 + 8 + Rn 5f6 7s2 + Rare_Earth + + 95 - - - 243 - 243.0613811 - 5.9738 - 1.3 - Named after America. - 2 + - + 2880 + 1449 + f + 1945 + Glenn T. Seaborg;L. O. Morgan;R. A. James;A. Ghiors + 7 + 0 + 8 + Rn 5f7 7s2 + Rare_Earth + + 96 - - - 247 - 247.070354 - 5.9914 - 1.3 - Named after Marie Curie. - 2 + - + 1620 + f + 1944 + Glenn T. Seaborg;R. A. James;A. Ghiors + 7 + 0 + 8 + Rn 5f7 6d2 7s2 + Rare_Earth + + 97 - - - 247 - 247.070307 - 6.1979 - 1.3 - Named after the town Berkeley where it was discovered. - 2 + - + 1258 + f + 1949 + Glenn T. Seaborg;A. Ghiors;S. G. Thompson + 7 + 0 + 1 + Rn 5f9 7s2 + Rare_Earth + + 98 - - - 251 - 251.079587 - 6.2817 - 1.3 - Named after the US-State of California. - 2 + - + 1172 + f + 1950 + Glenn T. Seaborg;A. Ghiors;S. G. Thompson + 7 + 0 + 2 + Rn 5f10 7s2 + Rare_Earth + + 99 - - - 252 - 252.08298 - 6.42 - 1.3 - Named after the scientist Albert Einstein. - 2 + - + 1130 + f + 1952 + Glenn T. Seaborg;et al. + 7 + 0 + 3 + Rn 5f11 7s2 + Rare_Earth + + 100 - - - 257 - 257.095105 - 6.50 - 1.3 - Named after the scientist Enrico Fermi. - 2 + - + 1800 + f + 1953 + Glenn T. Seaborg;et al. + 7 + 0 + 4 + Rn 5f12 7s2 + Rare_Earth + + 101 - - - 258 - 258.098431 - 6.58 - 1.3 - Named after the scientist D.I. Mendeleev. - 2 + - + 1100 + f + 1955 + Glenn T. Seaborg;Albert Ghiorso;Bernard Harvey;Gregory Choppin;Stanley G. Thompson + 7 + 0 + 5 + Rn 5f13 7s2 + Rare_Earth + + 102 - - - 259 - 259.10103 - 6.65 - 1.3 - Named after the scientist Alfred Nobel. - 2 + - + 1100 + f + 7 + 0 + 6 + Rn 5f14 7s2 + Rare_Earth + + 103 - - - 262 - 262.10963 - 4.9 - Named after the scientist Ernest Orlando Lawrence. - 2 + - + 1900 + f + 1961 + Albert Ghiorso;Torbjorn Sikkeland;Almon Larsh;Robert M. Latimer + 7 + 0 + 7 + Rn 5f14 7s2 7p1 + Rare_Earth + + 104 - - - 261 - 261.10877 - 6.0 - Named after the scientist Ernest Rutherford - 2 + - + d + ru,us + 7 + 2 + 4 + Rn 5f14 6d2 7s2 + Transition + + 105 - - - 262 - 262.11408 - Named after the science-town Dubna in Russia - 2 + - + d + us + 7 + 2 + 5 + Rn 5f14 6d3 7s2 + Transition + + 106 - - - 266 - 263.11832 - Named after the scientist G. Theodore Seaborg. - 2 + - + d + ru,us + 1974 + Albert Ghiorso;et al. + 7 + 2 + 6 + Transition + + 107 - - - 264 - 264.1246 - Named after the scientist Niels Bohr. - 2 + - + d + ru + 1981 + Peter Armbruster;Gottfried Münzenber;et al. + 7 + 2 + 7 + Transition + + 108 - - - 277 - 265.13009 - Latin 'hassia' for the German county Hessen. In Hessen a lot elements have been discovered. - 2 + - + d + de + 1984 + Peter Armbruster;Gottfried Münzenber;et al. + 7 + 2 + 8 + Transition + + 109 - - - 268 - 268.13873 - Named after the scientist Lise Meitner. - 2 + - + d + de + 1982 + Peter Armbruster;Gottfried Münzenber;et al. + 7 + 0 + 8 + Transition + + 110 - - - 281 - 271.14606 - Named after the German city Darmstadt where many elements have been discovered. + - + d + de + 1994 + S. Hofmann;V. Ninov;F. P. Hessberger;P. Armbruster;H. Folger;G. Münzenberg;H. J. Schött;et al. + 7 + 0 + 8 + Transition + + 111 - - - 272 - 272.15362 - Named after Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen. + - + d + de + 1994 + S. Hofmann;V. Ninov;F. P. Hessberger;P. Armbruster;H. Folger;G. Münzenberg;et al. + 7 + 0 + 1 + Transition + + 112 - - - 285 - 285.17411 + - + d + + 113 - - - 284 - 284.17808 + - + p + + 114 - - - 289 - 289.18728 + - + p + + 115 - - - 288 - 288.19249 + - + p + + 116 - - - 292 - 292.19979 + - + p + +